Financial Statements of the United States Government for the Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2020, and 2019
Statements of Net Cost
These statements present the net cost of the government operations for FYs 2020 and 2019, including the operations related to funds from dedicated collections. Costs and earned revenues are categorized on the Statement of Net Cost by significant entity, providing greater accountability by showing the relationship of the entities' net cost to the government-wide net cost. Costs and earned revenues are presented in this Financial Report on an accrual basis, while the budget presents outlays and receipts, generally on a cash basis. The focus of the Budget of the U.S. is by entity. Budgets are prepared, defended, and monitored by entity. In reporting by entity, we are assisting the external users in assessing the budget integrity, operating performance, stewardship, and systems and controls of the government.
The Statements of Net Cost contain the following four components:
- Gross cost—is the full cost of all the departments and entities excluding (gain)/loss from changes in assumptions. These costs are assigned on a cause-and-effect basis, or reasonably allocated to the corresponding entities.
- Earned revenue—is exchange revenue resulting from the government providing goods and services to the public at a price.
- (Gain)/loss from changes in assumptions—is the gain or loss from changes in long-term assumptions used to measure the liabilities reported for federal civilian and military employee pensions, OPEB, and ORB, including veterans’ compensation.
- Net cost—is computed by subtracting earned revenue from gross cost, adjusted by the (gain)/loss from changes in assumptions.
Individual entity net cost amounts will differ from the entity’s financial statements primarily because of reallocations completed at the government-wide level which are listed below.
- Employee benefit costs.
- Intra-governmental eliminations, as adjusted for buy/sell costs and related revenues.
- Imputed costs.
Because of its specific function, most of the employee benefit costs originally associated with the OPM have been reallocated to the user entities for government-wide reporting purposes. The remaining costs for OPM on the Statements of Net Cost are the administrative operating costs, the expenses from prior costs from health and pension plan amendments, and the actuarial gains and losses, if applicable.
GSA is the primary provider of goods and services to federal entities. GSA’s net cost is adjusted for its intra-governmental buy/sell costs and related revenues. The remaining costs for GSA on the Statements of Net Cost are administrative operating costs. With regard to intra-governmental buy/sell costs and related revenues, the amounts recognized by each entity are added to, and subtracted from, respectively, the individual entity non-federal net cost amounts.
In addition, the intra-governmental imputed costs recognized for the receipt of goods and services, financed in whole or part by the providing entities, are added to the individual entity non-federal net cost amounts. The most significant types of imputed costs that are recorded relate to post-retirement and health benefits, FECA, and Treasury’s Judgment Fund. The consolidated Statements of Net Cost is intended to show the full cost for each entity, therefore, the amount of these imputed costs are added back to the reporting entities’ gross cost line item and subtracted from the applicable administering entities’ gross cost line item. These imputed costs have a net effect of zero on the Statements of Net Cost in the Financial Report.
The interest on securities issued by Treasury and held by the public is reported on Treasury’s financial statements, but because of its importance and the dollar amounts involved, it is reported separately in these statements.
United States Government
Statement of Net Cost
for the Year Ended September 30, 2020
Table may scroll on smaller screens
(In billions of dollars) |
Gross Cost |
Earned Revenue |
Subtotal | (Gain)/Loss from Changes in Assumptions |
Net Cost |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Department of Health and Human Services | 1,537.0 | 130.0 | 1,407.0 | 0.1 | 1,407.1 |
Social Security Administration | 1,157.6 | 0.3 | 1,157.3 | - | 1,157.3 |
Department of Veterans Affairs | 386.3 | 4.0 | 382.3 | 602.7 | 985.0 |
Department of Defense | 802.2 | 39.8 | 762.4 | (17.4) | 745.0 |
Department of the Treasury | 581.3 | 20.6 | 560.7 | - | 560.7 |
Small Business Administration | 562.1 | 3.1 | 559.0 | - | 559.0 |
Department of Labor | 493.2 | - | 493.2 | - | 493.2 |
Interest on Treasury Securities Held by the Public | 371.1 | - | 371.1 | - | 371.1 |
Department of Agriculture | 198.0 | 10.1 | 187.9 | - | 187.9 |
Office of Personnel Management | 97.3 | 25.2 | 72.1 | 89.9 | 162.0 |
Department of Education | 190.2 | 33.3 | 156.9 | - | 156.9 |
Department of Homeland Security | 122.3 | 11.8 | 110.5 | 3.1 | 113.6 |
Security Assistance Accounts | 154.8 | 42.8 | 112.0 | - | 112.0 |
Department of Transportation | 108.8 | 1.1 | 107.7 | - | 107.7 |
Department of Energy | 60.9 | 5.4 | 55.5 | - | 55.5 |
Department of Justice | 39.1 | 1.8 | 37.3 | - | 37.3 |
Department of Housing and Urban Development | 36.3 | 2.2 | 34.1 | - | 34.1 |
Department of State | 34.6 | 2.8 | 31.8 | 1.1 | 32.9 |
National Aeronautics and Space Administration | 22.3 | 0.2 | 22.1 | - | 22.1 |
Department of the Interior | 23.0 | 2.4 | 20.6 | - | 20.6 |
Department of Commerce | 19.4 | 3.9 | 15.5 | - | 15.5 |
U.S. Agency for International Development | 13.8 | - | 13.8 | - | 13.8 |
Federal Communications Commission | 13.9 | 0.4 | 13.5 | - | 13.5 |
Railroad Retirement Board | 13.1 | - | 13.1 | - | 13.1 |
Environmental Protection Agency | 9.1 | 0.4 | 8.7 | - | 8.7 |
U.S. Postal Service | 79.2 | 71.7 | 7.5 | - | 7.5 |
National Science Foundation | 7.3 | - | 7.3 | - | 7.3 |
Smithsonian Institution | 1.5 | 0.5 | 1.0 | - | 1.0 |
Millennium Challenge Corporation | 0.6 | - | 0.6 | - | 0.6 |
Export-Import Bank of the U.S | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.4 | - | 0.4 |
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.2 | - | 0.2 |
National Credit Union Administration | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | - | 0.1 |
U.S. International Development Finance Corporation | - | 0.1 | (0.1) | - | (0.1) |
Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation | 0.1 | 0.2 | (0.1) | - | (0.1) |
General Services Administration | 0.3 | 0.8 | (0.5) | - | (0.5) |
Securities and Exchange Commission | 2.2 | 3.3 | (1.1) | - | (1.1) |
Tennessee Valley Authority | 8.8 | 10.1 | (1.3) | - | (1.3) |
National Railroad Retirement Investment Trust | 0.1 | 1.8 | (1.7) | - | (1.7) |
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation | 19.2 | 22.0 | (2.8) | - | (2.8) |
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation | 1.7 | 6.5 | (4.8) | - | (4.8) |
All other entities | 23.4 | 1.7 | 21.7 | - | 21.7 |
Total | 7,194.1 | 461.6 | 6,732.5 | 679.5 | 7,412.0 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. |
United States Government
Statement of Net Cost
for the Year Ended September 30, 2019
Table may scroll on smaller screens
(In billions of dollars) |
Gross Cost |
Earned Revenue |
Subtotal | (Gain)/Loss from Changes in Assumptions |
Net Cost |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Department of Health and Human Services | 1,341.4 | 119.1 | 1,222.3 | - | 1,222.3 |
Social Security Administration | 1,101.2 | 0.3 | 1,100.9 | - | 1,100.9 |
Department of Veterans Affairs | 364.7 | 5.1 | 359.6 | 58.0 | 417.6 |
Department of Defense | 813.6 | 44.2 | 769.4 | 139.0 | 908.4 |
Department of the Treasury | 181.0 | 25.3 | 155.7 | - | 155.7 |
Small Business Administration | 0.3 | 0.4 | (0.1) | - | (0.1) |
Department of Labor | 40.5 | - | 40.5 | - | 40.5 |
Interest on Treasury Securities Held by the Public | 403.6 | - | 403.6 | - | 403.6 |
Department of Agriculture | 149.1 | 8.3 | 140.8 | - | 140.8 |
Office of Personnel Management | 118.5 | 24.1 | 94.4 | 0.3 | 94.7 |
Department of Education | 153.9 | 31.9 | 122.0 | - | 122.0 |
Department of Homeland Security | 77.0 | 14.0 | 63.0 | 0.9 | 63.9 |
Security Assistance Accounts | 38.6 | - | 38.6 | - | 38.6 |
Department of Transportation | 82.2 | 1.1 | 81.1 | - | 81.1 |
Department of Energy | 59.3 | 5.7 | 53.6 | - | 53.6 |
Department of Justice | 40.8 | 3.5 | 37.3 | - | 37.3 |
Department of Housing and Urban Development | 29.6 | 1.8 | 27.8 | - | 27.8 |
Department of State | 33.9 | 4.6 | 29.3 | 0.7 | 30.0 |
National Aeronautics and Space Administration | 21.0 | 0.2 | 20.8 | - | 20.8 |
Department of the Interior | 21.1 | 2.6 | 18.5 | - | 18.5 |
Department of Commerce | 13.8 | 3.6 | 10.2 | - | 10.2 |
U.S. Agency for International Development | 12.2 | 0.1 | 12.1 | - | 12.1 |
Federal Communications Commission | 11.2 | 0.4 | 10.8 | - | 10.8 |
Railroad Retirement Board | 12.1 | - | 12.1 | - | 12.1 |
Environmental Protection Agency | 8.8 | 0.3 | 8.5 | - | 8.5 |
U.S. Postal Service | 77.5 | 70.2 | 7.3 | - | 7.3 |
National Science Foundation | 7.3 | - | 7.3 | - | 7.3 |
Smithsonian Institution | 1.5 | 0.4 | 1.1 | - | 1.1 |
Millennium Challenge Corporation | 0.5 | - | 0.5 | - | 0.5 |
Export-Import Bank of the U.S | (0.1) | 0.5 | (0.6) | - | (0.6) |
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.1 | - | 0.1 |
National Credit Union Administration | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | - | 0.2 |
Overseas Private Investment Corporation | (0.2) | 0.1 | (0.3) | - | (0.3) |
Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation | 0.1 | 0.2 | (0.1) | - | (0.1) |
General Services Administration | 0.1 | 0.8 | (0.7) | - | (0.7) |
Securities and Exchange Commission | 1.8 | 2.1 | (0.3) | - | (0.3) |
Tennessee Valley Authority | 9.9 | 11.3 | (1.4) | - | (1.4) |
National Railroad Retirement Investment Trust | 0.1 | 0.7 | (0.6) | - | (0.6) |
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation | 35.7 | 27.8 | 7.9 | - | 7.9 |
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation | 0.4 | 5.0 | (4.6) | - | (4.6) |
All other entities | 22.0 | 1.8 | 20.2 | - | 20.2 |
Total | 5,287.2 | 418.4 | 4,868.8 | 198.9 | 5,067.7 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. |
- Current Report: Fiscal Year 2020 - PDF version
- A Message from the Secretary of the Treasury - PDF version
- Table of Contents - PDF version
- Results in Brief - PDF version
- The Nation By The Numbers
- Executive Summary - PDF version
- Management's Discussion & Analysis - PDF version
- Statement of the Comptroller General of the United States - PDF version
- Financial Statements - PDF version
- Statements of Net Cost
- Statements of Operations and Changes in Net Position
- Reconciliations of Net Operating Cost and Budget Deficit
- Statements of Changes in Cash Balance from Budget and Other Activities
- Balance Sheets
- Statements of Long-Term Fiscal Projections
- Statements of Social Insurance and Changes in Social Insurance Amounts
- Statement of Changes in Social Insurance Amounts
- Notes to the Financial Statements - PDF version
- Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - PDF version
- Note 2. Cash and Other Monetary Assets - PDF version
- Note 3. Accounts Receivable, Net - PDF version
- Note 4. Direct Loans and Loan Guarantees Receivable, Net and Loan Guarantees Liability - PDF version
- Note 5. Inventory and Related Property, Net - PDF version
- Note 6. General Property, Plant, and Equipment, Net - PDF version
- Note 7. Securities and Investments - PDF version
- Note 8. Investments in Special Purpose Vehicles - PDF version
- Note 9. Investments in Government-Sponsored Enterprises - PDF version
- Note 10. Other Assets - PDF version
- Note 11. Accounts Payable - PDF version
- Note 12. Federal Debt and Interest Payable - PDF version
- Note 13. Federal Employee and Veteran Benefits Payable - PDF version
- Note 14. Environmental and Disposal Liabilities - PDF version
- Note 15. Benefits Due and Payable - PDF version
- Note 16. Insurance and Guarantee Program Liabilities - PDF version
- Note 17. Other Liabilities - PDF version
- Note 18. Collections and Refunds of Federal Revenue - PDF version
- Note 19. Commitments - PDF version
- Note 20. Contingencies - PDF version
- Note 21. Funds from Dedicated Collections - PDF version
- Note 22. Fiduciary Activities - PDF version
- Note 23. Social Insurance - PDF version
- Note 24. Long-Term Fiscal Projections - PDF version
- Note 25. Stewardship Property, Plant, and Equipment - PDF version
- Note 26. Disclosure Entities and Related Parties - PDF version
- Note 27. Public-Private Partnerships - PDF version
- Note 28. COVID-19 Activity - PDF version
- Note 29. Subsequent Events - PDF version
- Required Supplementary Information (Unaudited) - PDF version
- The Sustainability of Fiscal Policy - PDF version
- Social Insurance - PDF version
- Deferred Maintenance and Repairs - PDF version
- Other Claims for Refunds - PDF version
- Tax Assessments - PDF version
- Federal Oil and Gas Resources - PDF version
- Federal Natural Resources Other than Oil and Gas - PDF version
- Other Information (Unaudited) - PDF version
- Tax Burden - PDF version
- Tax Gap - PDF version
- Tax Expenditures - PDF version
- Unmatched Transactions and Balances - PDF version
- Appendices
- Appendix A: Reporting Entity - PDF version
- Appendix B: Glossary of Acronyms - PDF version
- U.S. Government Accountability Office Independent Auditor's Report - PDF version
- Related Resources
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