Financial Statements of the United States Government for the Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2021, and 2020
Statements of Operations and Changes in Net Position
These statements report the results of government operations (net operating costs). They include non-exchange revenues, which are generated from transactions that do not require a government entity to give value directly in exchange for the inflow of resources. The government does not “earn” the non-exchange revenue. These are generated principally by the government’s sovereign power to tax, levy duties, and assess fines and penalties. These statements also include the net cost reported in the Statements of Net Cost. They further include certain adjustments and unmatched transactions and balances that affect the net position. These statements present information for funds from dedicated collections and funds other than those from dedicated collections. Each of these types are presented on a consolidated basis whereby transactions within each fund type are eliminated. In order to present the activity on a government-wide basis, transactions between funds from dedicated collections and funds other than those from dedicated collections are eliminated.
Revenue
Inflows of resources to the government that the government demands or that it receives by donations are identified as non-exchange revenue. The inflows that it demands include individual income tax and tax withholdings, corporate income taxes, excise taxes, unemployment taxes, custom duties, and estate and gift taxes. The non-exchange revenue is recognized when collected and adjusted for the change in amounts receivable.
Individual income tax and tax withholdings include FICA/SECA taxes and other taxes.
Individual income tax and tax withholding and Corporate income tax include the TCJA, which imposed a one-time tax on previously unrepatriated foreign earnings at a reduced rate that taxpayers may elect to pay over an eight-year installment schedule.
Excise taxes consist of taxes collected for various items, such as airline tickets, gasoline products, distilled spirits and imported liquor, tobacco, firearms, and other items.
Other taxes and receipts include FRBs earnings, tax related fines, penalties and interest, and railroad retirement taxes.
Miscellaneous earned revenues consist of earned revenues received from the public with virtually no associated cost. These revenues include rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf Lands resulting from the leasing and development of mineral resources on public lands.
Intra-governmental revenue represents interest earned from the investment of surplus dedicated collections, which finance the deficit spending of all other fund’s non-dedicated operations. These investments are recorded as intra-governmental debt holdings and are included in Note 13—Federal Debt and Interest Payable, in the table titled Intra-governmental Debt Holdings: Federal Debt Securities Held as Investments by Government Accounts. These interest earnings and the associated investments are eliminated in the consolidation process.
Net Cost of Government Operations
The net cost of government operations—gross cost (including gains/losses from changes in assumptions) less earned revenue—flows through from the Statements of Net Cost.
Intra-governmental Transfers
Intra-governmental transfers are transfers between funds other than those from dedicated collections and funds from dedicated collections, such as intra-governmental interest and amounts required by statute to be transferred from the General Fund to funds from dedicated collections. These intra-governmental transfers include appropriations, transfers, and other financing sources. These amounts are labeled as "other changes in fund balance" in Note 23—Funds from Dedicated Collections.
Net Operating Cost
The net operating cost equals revenue less net cost of government operations (that flows from the Statement of Net Cost).
Net Position, Beginning of Period
The net position, beginning of period, reflects the amount reported on the prior year’s Balance Sheet as of the end of that fiscal year. The net position, beginning of period, is shown at the combined level by fund type for FY 2020 and adjusted through changes in accounting principle to report at a consolidated level by fund type. See Note 23—Funds from Dedicated Collections for additional information.
Adjustments to beginning net position may include corrections of material errors or changes in accounting principles. See Note 1.V—Changes in Accounting Principle and Note 1.W—Correction of Errors for additional information.
Unmatched transactions and balances are adjustments needed to bring the change in net position into balance due primarily to unresolved intra-governmental differences. See Note 1.U—Unmatched Transactions and Balances for additional information.
The unmatched transactions are to make the sum of net operating costs and adjustments to beginning net position for the year equal to the change in net position balance. The unmatched balances are included in the net position, funds other than those from dedicated collections on the Balance Sheet.
Net Position, End of Period
The net position, end of period, reflects the amount as of the end of the fiscal year. The net position for funds from dedicated collections is separately shown.
United States Government
Statement of Operations and Changes in Net Position
for the Year Ended September 30, 2021 (Consolidated)
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Funds other than those from Dedicated Collections |
Funds from Dedicated Collections (Note 23) |
Eliminations |
Total |
|
---|---|---|---|---|
(In billions of dollars) | 2021 | |||
Revenue (Note 20): | ||||
Individual income tax and tax withholdings | 2,002.0 | 1,274.3 | - | 3,276.3 |
Corporate income taxes | 456.2 | - | - | 456.2 |
Excise taxes | 28.6 | 52.0 | - | 80.6 |
Unemployment taxes | 6.1 | 44.2 | - | 50.3 |
Customs duties | 80.0 | 0.1 | - | 80.1 |
Estate and gift taxes | 27.1 | - | - | 27.1 |
Other taxes and receipts | 163.4 | 27.3 | - | 190.7 |
Miscellaneous earned revenues | 94.4 | 0.2 | - | 94.6 |
Intra-governmental revenue | - | 106.1 | (106.1) | - |
Total Revenue | 2,857.8 | 1,504.2 | (106.1) | 4,255.9 |
Net Cost of Government Operations: | ||||
Net cost | 5,165.3 | 2,185.5 | - | 7,350.8 |
Intra-governmental cost | 106.1 | - | (106.1) | - |
Total net cost | 5,271.4 | 2,185.5 | (106.1) | 7,350.8 |
Intra-governmental transfers | (693.7) | 693.7 | - | - |
Net operating (cost)/revenue | (3,107.3) | 12.4 | - | (3,094.9) |
Net position, beginning of period | (30,265.8) | 3,474.4 | - | (26,791.4) |
Adjustments to beginning net position net position | ||||
Changes in accounting principle (Note 1.V) | 0.7 | - | - | 0.7 |
Net operating (cost)/revenue | (3,107.3) | 12.4 | - | (3,094.9) |
Unmatched transactions and balances | ||||
(Note 1.U) | (0.2) | - | - | (0.2) |
Net position, end of period | (33,372.6) | 3,486.8 | - | (29,885.8) |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. |
United States Government
Statement of Operations and Changes in Net Position
for the Year Ended September 30, 2020 (Consolidated) (Restated)
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Funds other than those from Dedicated Collections (Combined) |
Funds from Dedicated Collections (Note 23) (Combined) |
Eliminations |
Consolidated |
|
---|---|---|---|---|
(In billions of dollars) | 2020 | |||
Revenue (Note 20): | ||||
Individual income tax and tax withholdings | 1,570.8 | 1,283.8 | - | 2,854.6 |
Corporate income taxes | 317.1 | - | - | 317.1 |
Excise taxes | 40.8 | 52.2 | - | 93.0 |
Unemployment taxes | 6.2 | 34.5 | - | 40.7 |
Customs duties | 66.2 | 0.1 | - | 66.3 |
Estate and gift taxes | 17.6 | - | - | 17.6 |
Other taxes and receipts | 147.0 | 18.9 | - | 165.9 |
Miscellaneous earned revenues | 16.3 | 0.1 | - | 16.4 |
Intra-governmental revenue | - | 107.7 | (107.7) | - |
Total revenue | 2,182.0 | 1,497.3 | (107.7) | 3,571.6 |
Net Cost of Government Operations: | ||||
Net cost | 5,329.9 | 2,083.1 | - | 7,413.0 |
Intra-governmental cost | 107.7 | - | (107.7) | - |
Total net cost | 5,437.6 | 2,083.1 | (107.7) | 7,413.0 |
Intra-governmental transfers | (555.6) | 555.6 | - | - |
Net operating (cost)/revenue | (3,811.2) | (30.2) | - | (3,841.4) |
Net position, beginning of period* | (26,484.6) | 3,517.1 | - | (22,967.5) |
Adjustments to beginning net position | ||||
Changes in accounting principle (Note 1.V ) | 12.5 | (12.5) | - | - |
Correction of errors (Note 1.W ) | 6.0 | - | - | 6.0 |
Net operating (cost)/revenue | (3,811.2) | (30.2) | - | (3,841.4) |
Unmatched transactions and balances | ||||
(Note 1.U) | 11.5 | - | - | 11.5 |
Net position, end of period | (30,265.8) | 3,474.4 | - | (26,791.4) |
*Net position, beginning of period is presented above as combined. |
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. |
- Current Report: Fiscal Year 2021 - PDF version
- A Message from the Secretary of the Treasury - PDF version
- Table of Contents - PDF version
- The Nation By The Numbers
- Executive Summary - PDF version
- Management's Discussion & Analysis - PDF version
- Statement of the Comptroller General of the United States - PDF version
- Financial Statements - PDF version
- Statements of Net Cost
- Statements of Operations and Changes in Net Position
- Reconciliations of Net Operating Cost and Budget Deficit
- Statements of Changes in Cash Balance from Budget and Other Activities
- Balance Sheets
- Statements of Long-Term Fiscal Projections
- Statements of Social Insurance and Changes in Social Insurance Amounts
- Statements of Changes in Social Insurance Amounts
- Notes to the Financial Statements - PDF version
- Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - PDF version
- Note 2. Cash and Other Monetary Assets - PDF version
- Note 3. Accounts Receivable, Net - PDF version
- Note 4. Loans Receivable, Net and Loan Guarantee Liabilities - PDF version
- Note 5. Inventory and Related Property, Net - PDF version
- Note 6. General Property, Plant, and Equipment, Net - PDF version
- Note 7. Investments - PDF version
- Note 8. Investments in Special Purpose Vehicles - PDF version
- Note 9. Investments in Government-Sponsored Enterprises - PDF version
- Note 10. Advances and Prepayments - PDF version
- Note 11. Other Assets - PDF version
- Note 12. Accounts Payable - PDF version
- Note 13. Federal Debt and Interest Payable - PDF version
- Note 14. Federal Employee and Veteran Benefits Payable - PDF version
- Note 15. Environmental and Disposal Liabilities - PDF version
- Note 16. Benefits Due and Payable - PDF version
- Note 17. Insurance and Guarantee Program Liabilities - PDF version
- Note 18. Advances from Others and Deferred Revenue - PDF version
- Note 19. Other Liabilities - PDF version
- Note 20. Collections and Refunds of Federal Revenue - PDF version
- Note 21. Commitments - PDF version
- Note 22. Contingencies - PDF version
- Note 23. Funds from Dedicated Collections - PDF version
- Note 24. Fiduciary Activities - PDF version
- Note 25. Social Insurance - PDF version
- Note 26. Long-Term Fiscal Projections - PDF version
- Note 27. Stewardship Property, Plant, and Equipment - PDF version
- Note 28. Disclosure Entities and Related Parties - PDF version
- Note 29. Public-Private Partnerships - PDF version
- Note 30. COVID-19 Activity - PDF version
- Note 31. Subsequent Events - PDF version
- Required Supplementary Information (Unaudited) - PDF version
- The Sustainability of Fiscal Policy - PDF version
- Social Insurance - PDF version
- Deferred Maintenance and Repairs - PDF version
- Other Claims for Refunds - PDF version
- Tax Assessments - PDF version
- Federal Oil and Gas Resources - PDF version
- Federal Natural Resources Other than Oil and Gas - PDF version
- Other Information (Unaudited) - PDF version
- Tax Burden - PDF version
- Tax Gap - PDF version
- Tax Expenditures - PDF version
- Unmatched Transactions and Balances - PDF version
- Appendices
- Appendix A: Reporting Entity - PDF version
- Appendix B: Glossary of Acronyms - PDF version
- U.S. Government Accountability Office Independent Auditor's Report - PDF version
- Related Resources
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